Science - Social Sciences - Language and Linguistics

Science - Social Sciences - Language and Linguistics

Sign Language Studies - Includes topics of interests such as linguistics, anthropology, semiotics, deaf culture, deaf history and literature. Provides browsing of archive. Free sample issue available.
Linguistic Enterprises: Private Sector Employment for Linguists - A job-search site for linguists seeking employment in the private sector.
Applied Linguistics Virtual Library
Corpus Linguistics - Links to corpora, software, papers, bibliographies and additional sites.
Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics - The Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics exists to provide training and research opportunities in such areas as linguistics, language and culture learning, language assessment and development, literacy and Bible translation, and to equip students with the skills to train and serve others.
The LINGUIST List - Web site for the LINGUIST mailing list: professional communication and networking for the world-wide community of linguists.
Center for Applied Linguistics - CAL carries out a wide range of activities including research, teacher education, analysis and dissemination of information, design and development of instructional materials, technical assistance, conference planning, program evaluation, and policy analysis.
The sci.lang FAQ - Answers to frequently asked questions about dialects, languages and their relationships, linguistics, and phonetic systems.
American Association for Applied Linguistics - Information on the executive committee, application for membership, awards, job register, and upcoming conferences.
Lexicon of Linguistics - Searchable database of linguistic terminology updated with many new terms in the areas of Generative Grammar (Minimalism) and Phonetics. Includes bibliography.
What is Applied Linguistics? - An introduction to the area, and to UCLA's linguistics program.
Linguasphere - Devoted to exploration of our global linguistic environment with extracts from the Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities.
AILA Internation Association of Applied Linguistics - International association of applied linguistics. The site contains membership information, its publications (available online) and links to its scientific commissions that organize activities and disseminate information on specific applied linguistic disciplines.
Linguistic Exploration - Multidimensional exploration of online linguistic databases.
Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition-University of Minnesota. - Supports a number of coordinated programs of research, training, development, and dissemination of information related to second language teaching, learning and assessment.
Introduction to Linguistics - Linguistics for Beginners is a multimedia, interactive introduction to the subject. You will find all major topics of current linguistic studies examined here.
Jyväskylä Virtual Library - Applied Linguistics - Multilingual collection of links and articles.
Fields of Linguistics - A collection of articles which outline the various areas of specialization in linguistics.
Language Acquisition- Mama Teached Me Talk - How we learn language.
Stewardship Project - Listings of international geographical names, orthography and transcription with commentaries on language.
ESLResearcher.org - A site for those doing research into the acquisition of English as a second language. Includes conference listings and calls for papers, job postings, discussion lists, message board for researchers, and links to ESL graduate programs.
Museum of Human Language - Virtual museum with columns. Definition of a language, linguistics, and language function.
Applied Linguistics Association of Australia - Membership and publication, plus the e-mail list APPLIX, available to anyone interested in the area of applied linguistics.
The Linguistics Project - Interdisciplinary, international, internet-community on language and linguistics.
Issues in Applied Linguistics - Refereed journal managed, edited and published by graduate students of the UCLA Department of Applied Linguistics.
Alliance Linguistics Directory - The leading Linguistics websites catalogued by experts from Oxford, Stanford and Yale Universities.
Books on Second Language Writing - Information on books on second language writing edited by Tony Silva and Paul Kei Matsuda.
Linguistic Data Consortium - Sharing of linguistic data, tools and standards resources.
Second Language Writing Research Network Forum - Website designed to provide resources for teachers and researchers of second language writing and to facilitate the exchange of information. Links to professional resources for second language writing teachers and researchers.
Binnick's Linguistic Bibliography - Annotated bibliography of tense, verbal aspect, aktionsart and related areas.
Sounds of the World's Animals - How animal sounds are represented in various languages.
Language and Linguistics - Essays on language and linguistics and links to related materials.
Magical Letter Page - Site regarding phonosemantics, the meaning of sound.
Maledicta Press - Specializes in negatively-valued words and expressions from all languages and cultures, focussing on the origin, etymology, meaning, use and influence of verbal aggression and abuse of any kind.
Phonological Atlas of North America - Results of a telephone survey of the major urbanized areas of the U.S. and Canada.
Britann's Language Center - A collection of links with resources to over 70 well-known languages including brief descriptions of the major subfields in Linguistics.
Say... - Text-to-speech translator which also reads ASCII representations of the IPA.
Itzalist Language Directory - Search engine and compendium of resources on language education, text translators, dictionaries, alphabets and other related resources.
The CMU Pronouncing Dictionary - Machine-readable pronunciation dictionary for North American English that contains over 100,000 words and their transcriptions.
The Homepage of Integrational Linguistics - A specific approach to linguistics combining a comprehensive theory of language and a theory of grammars.
Linguistics and Phonetics Worldwide - Virtual library of linguistics and phonetics.
Language Exploration - Basic concepts, definition of "ethnolinguistics." From Maricopa Community College.
Speech on the Web - Links to pages related to phonetics and speech sciences.
At-turjuman - Translation and interlingual communication abstracts, articles and research papers.
Contrasted Phonology of English and Portuguese Vowels - English, Portuguese, and Spanish vowels are discussed, and possible errors of Portuguese-speaking students of English are examined.
Institute of Linguists - Professional credentialing body and member organization for linguists, translators and interpreters in the United Kingdom. Linguist database, magazine, forum, and global language news.
Speech Accent Archive - Archive of foreign accents recorded in English. Phonetic transcriptions and phonological generalizations are provided.
NAJIT - National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators - A non-profit organization dedicated to the furtherance of the court interpreting and legal translation profession.
Vowels and Consonants - Collection of sound and speech examples of hundreds of languages and dialects. [by Peter Ladefoged, UCLA]
ITI - Institute of Translation & Interpreting - Based in the UK, the ITI is a professional organization with the aim of promoting quality in the field of translation and interpretation.
Acoustics of the vowel - Experiments concerning the physical characteristics of vowels: formants and pitches (F0), formant pattern ambiguity, formant number alteration. Important for all sciences related to speech, acoutsic phonetics, speech therapy and speech recognition.
NCTA - Northern California Translators Association - An association for professional translators and interpreters in Northern California area. Searchable directory and online newsletter "Translorial"
Virtual Language Laboratory - Online language laboratory providing pronunciation practice and accent correction in a number of languages.
ATIA - Association of Translators and Interpreters of Alberta, Canada
Speech Internet Dictionary - Comprehensive dictionary of terms used in phonetics and linguistics
ATIO - Association of Translators and Interpreters of Ontario
Sound examples from the dissertation - Dissertation of Matthias Jilka on "The Contribution of Intonation to the Perception of Foreign Accent" [Postscript and PDF]
AUSIT - Australian Institute of Interpreters and Translators - general information and online newsletter
Analytic Listening: A New Approach to Ear-Training - Paper on a method for ear-training and auditory skill assessment of students of phonetics.
JAT - Japan Association of Translators - An organization for professional Japanese to English translators around the world.
Auditory scales of frequency representation - Overview of conversion equations and suggestions as to when it is appropriate to use Hz, semi-tones, mel, bark, and ERB.
ATA - American Translators Association - Publication, local groups, calendar, FAQ and membership information for the ATA.
The Kiel Intonation Modell (KIM) - Paper on "The Kiel Intonation Model (KIM), its Implementation in TTS Synthesis and its Application to the Study of Spontaneous Speech."
ASTTS and DZTPS - Slovenia - Association of Scientific and Technical Translators of Slovenia or Drutvo Znanstvenih in Tehnikih Prevajalcev Slovenije
Categorical Perception - Experiment on Categorical Perception
EIZIE - Association of Translators, Correctors, and Interpreters of Basque Language - Translators directory, a searchable catalogue of all published Basque translations, on-line translation journal, news, useful tools and links.
Vowel Charts - Acoustic vowel charts of various languages [by Antti Iivonen, University of Helsinki Department of Phonetics]
ITA - Irish Translators' Association - Cumann Aistritheoirí na h-Éireann (Irish) provides Information and online list of members
The Rhythmic Speech Museum - Concerns rhythm in speech.
NATI - Nebraska Association for Translators and Interpreters - Forum for professional languages service. Organization and site provides meeting calendar, links and resources, annual conference, newsletter, workshops, scholarships and additional membership benefits.
Four Tones and Downtrend - Preliminary report on pitch realization in Mambila, a language with four level tones.
NCATA Translators and Interpreters Directory - National Capital Area Chapter of the American Translators Association provides searchable online members directory, newsletters, news and events, resources and links.
Linguistic Annotation - Tools and formats for speech and text annotation
Israel Translators Association - Information resource for translators and clients. Consumer advice, browse members' listings, and seek or post translation projects.
Prosody on the Web - Introduction to prosody, including chunking, focus, and pitch.
AIIC - International Association of Conference Interpreters - Represents professional conference interpreters worldwide and is a major stakeholder in the international language industry.
Studying Phonetics on the Net - List of categorized links concerning the study of spoken English.
AATIA - Austin Area Translators and Interpreters Association - Represents translators and interpreters who live and work in Central Texas and further afield.
Speech Web Sites - Variety of links to mainly acoustics-related sites.
APTIA - Association of Professional Translators and Interpreters in Aquitaine - Association of freelance translators and interpreters.
Teaching English Intonation with a Visual Display of Fundamental Frequency - Paper on the use of fundamental frequency displays for teaching English intonation. [by Richard Stibbard]
ALTA - American Literary Translators Association - Provides essential services to literary translators from all languages and a professional formum for the exchange of ideas on the art and craft of translation.
The SpeechDat Project - Database of recordings of speech in various languages.
Interp.net - professional conference interpreters - Network who can help you find professional conference interpreters.
Rutgers Optimality Archive - Contributed-content index of Optimality Theory information. Searchable or browseable data, submission and update forms, font and utility downloads, links to other collections.
WITS - Washington State Court Interpreters and Translators Society - Serves court interpreters and translators in Washington State through newsletters, resources, links, committees, and continued education.
Audiufon - Collection of audio phonetic demonstrations, including Daniel Jones' cardinal vowel productions. [Universiteit Utrecht]
TAALS - The American Association of Language Specialists - language specialists working at the international level, either at conferences or in permanent organizations, and determines their qualifications and standards
Spoken Language Corpus - Summary of work on spoken language at Göteborg University, including discusson of Modified Standard Orthography (MSO). [by Allwood et al, Göteborg University]
DT - Danish Association of State-Authorized Translators and Interpreters - (Dansk Translatørforbund) Association members are translators and interpreters, mostly self-employed, who are certified by the Danish state and who indicate their membership in the Association by writing the letters "MDT" after their name.
Socrates - Links to internet resources in phonetics and speech communication.
AITC - International Association of Conference Translators - Professional body representing translators, précis-writers, revisers and editors working for international organizations or conferences.
Talking Heads - Contains information concerning speech synthesis, vocal tract modeling, facial animation, and the McGurk effect.
SOMI - Society of Medical Interpreters - Provides training for interpreters and providers, including bilingual interpreter services, research and reports, and various links and resources to cross cultural health care.
How to Pronounce "Ghoti" - Brief analysis of why "ghoti" may be pronounced as "fish".
NOTIS - Northwest Translators and Interpreters Society - Forum for professional translators and interpreters in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. An ATA chapter.
Infography about Phonology - List of mostly print resources on phonology recommended by a professor who specializes in phonological research.
CTINB - Corporation of Translators, Terminologists and Interpreters of New Brunswick
Praat - A system for doing phonetics by computer - Free software for acoustic analysis. (by Paul Boersma, University of Amsterdam)
ACT - Association of Centres specializing in Translation - Agrupación de Centros especializados en Traducción
Speech Filing System Home Page - Acoustic analysis software for Windows and Unix.
AACI - Austrian Association of Court Interpreters - or ÖVGD - Österreichische Verband der Gerichtsdolmetscher
Transcriber - Open (GNU) software for segmenting, labeling and transcribing speech.
Hawaii Interpreters and Translators Association - Local meeting schedule and agenda, membership information and documents, links.
Development System for Auditory Modelling - Software that models the auditory system.
SATI - South Africian Translators' Institute - Registry of freelancers, credentialing, industry standards, subchapter contacts, training opportunities, consumer information, links.
Optimality Theory Software - OTSoft is meant to facilitate analysis in Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993) by using algorithms to do work that would have to be done (tediously, and perhaps unreliably) by hand. [by Bruce Hayes, UCLA]
Mexican Professional Association of Conference Interpreters - Working toward awareness and recognition of interpreters working in high profile settings. Admission, registry of members, announcements, and links.
Speech Synthesis and Analysis Software - Listing of software for speech synthesis and analysis.
CHICATA - Chicago Area Interpreters and Translators Association - Provides newsletters, membership directory, language guides, networking and events.
Speech Visualization Software Tools - Shareware tools for speech training using real time visual feedback on sounds. Runs on Windows 95 or 98. Spectrograms and much more.
ATC - Association of Translation Companies - Represents leading translation companies in Britain and other European and overseas countries, through a code of conduct, ethics, ongoing education, and promotion of translation companies.
JavaSpeechLab - Speech analysis software written in Java 1.1.
FIT - International Federation of Translators - Fédération internationale des traducteurs (FIT) is an international federation of translators' associations with member associations in nearly 50 countries throughout the world.
JSyn - Java Audio Synthesis - Java API for real-time audio synthesis and computer music.
PSEM - Panhellenic Association of Professional Translators - Promotes the interests of Greek translators in Greece and abroad.
General Phonetics - A useful course on the basics of phonetics. Many online resources and explanations.
CTIC - Canadian Translators and Interpreters Council - Conseil des traducteurs et interprètes du Canada
Interactive Sagittal Section - Uses JavaScript to display articulations and IPA transcriptions for consonants.
NO - Norwegian Association of Literary Translators - Norsk Oversetterforening - represents the interests of literary translators in Norway and abroad.
On-Line Phonology course - Focuses on English Received Pronunciation.
NETA - New England Translators Association
Speech Analysis Tutorial - Speech Analysis Tutorial
AAIT - Atlanta Association of Interpreters and Translators
ToDI - Transcription of Dutch Intonation - Multimedia tutorial for learning and describing Dutch intonation (by Carlos Gussenhoven, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands)
FLATA - ATA Florida Chapter through its affiliation with the ATA and FIT provides global translation services and networking.
Linear Predictive Vocoder as a Model for Human Speech Production - Interactive tutorial.
CIUTI - International Permanent Conference of University Institutes of Translators and Interpreters
IPA Self-Test - Shockwave game that quizzes users on their recognition of IPA sounds.
LTAC - Literary Translators' Association of Canada - or ATTLC, Association des traducteurs et traductrices littéraires du Canada
FeaturePad and PhonologyPad - FeaturePad: Learn features and check your use of features to describe natural classes and feature changes. PhonologyPad: Implement and check solutions to classical paradigm-based phonology problems.
Arab Translators Network - A directory of Arab translators worldwide, featuring Chaiban Business Encyclopedia, Research Library, legal forms, business information, classified advertisements, magazine, translator certification, and many tools that are essential for a translator, writer, researcher, or student.
University of Michigan Phonetic Training Tools - Downloadable free demo. (Mac only)
STIBC - Society of Translators and Interpreters of British Columbia - This Canadian association regulates the professions of translation and interpretation. Site provides the latest news, projects, events and workshop calendar.
Spectrogram Reading - Information on reading spectrograms.
TTIG - The Translators and Interpreters Guild - Silver Spring, Maryland. Membership documents, free nationwide referral, listing of languages represented, roster of current clients.
Institute of Phonetic Sciences - Organization based in Amsterdam.
NYCT - New York Circle of Translators - Provides New York translators a forum with membership directory, links, workshops, events, FAQs, and the Gotham Translator newsletter.
University of Cambridge Phonetics Lab - Contact information, details about research and links.
ATW - Associated Translators Worldwide - International association of translators
University of Essex Department of Language and Linguistics - Publications, teaching schedules and background information on staff.
Swiss Translators, Terminologists and Interpreters Association - Federal database, glossary, professional code, membership directory, and other resources.
International Phonetic Association - Oldest representative organisation for phoneticians. Contains information on membership, publications, and the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Freelance Party - Independent association of translators and interpreters.
U. W. Linguistic Phonetics Laboratory - Information on University of Washington Lingustic Phonetics Lab: people, facility, mystery spectrogram, and projects.
ATINS - Association of Translators and Interpreters of Nova Scotia
UCL Phonetics and Linguistics - Undergraduate and graduate degrees in linguistics, phonetics and phonology; summer course in English phonetics; educational and computatational resources in phonetics.
ATIS - Association of Translators and Interpreters of Saskatchewan
The IPA in Unicode - Unicode standard used by current browsers covers all the IPA phonetic symbols. Listed with their meanings, codes, and advice on Unicode fonts that contain them.
Marc Pichard's Home Page - Translation, interpretation and language links.
IPAPhon - IPA font for Mac and Windows.
Neotext Translation Links - Translation resources.
IPA-SAM - IPA font for Windows.
Internet Resources for Translators - Dictionaries, newsgroups, associations, schools, and translation tools.
Phonetic (IPA) fonts - List of links to IPA and other phonetic fonts. [compiled by Luc Devroye]
Translation Research Directory - Directory of translation and translators resources.
Typing IPA symbols in Word for Windows & Notepad - Methods for typing in the IPA in Word and Notepad.
Internet Resources for Medical Translators - [Java needed] Links list in German, English and Italian for medical translators, by Gilberto Lacchia.
SIL Encore IPA Fonts - Set of scalable IPA fonts containing the full International Phonetic Alphabet.
Translation Information website - Translation resources: links to translation theory resources, tools, online dictionaries, and translation field tests.
A Sound Reference to the IPA - Interactive IPA chart that includes examples of sounds.
Newsgroups and Mailinglists for Translators - Listings with contact information, and brief explanation of group.
Usenet IPA/ASCII transcription - System for ASCII transcription of the IPA.
LANTRA-L - For translators and interpreters of natural languages. Discussion topics include theory and practice, training, tools, terminology and lexicography, work settings, intercultural communication, linguistics.
Universal Phonetic Markup Language - Universal Phonetic Markup Language designed to overtake the old ways of transcribing phonetics and make them more usable.
Terminology Club - Discussion forum for discussion of terminology problems by translators and students.
African Writing Systems - An examination of the writing systems of Africa, including Amharic (Ethiopian).
Bahtera - Mailing list for Indonesian Translators from the Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Symbols - Encyclopedia of western signs and ideograms. More than 2,500 signs, from ideograms to graffiti, arranged into groups according to their graphic characteristics. Their histories, uses, and meanings.
Language and Translation - Links to hundreds of online dictionaries and translation engines and thousands of specialized glossaries. Also translation software downloads, forum, related news, articles, and links.
Impact of the Dravidian Culture on the Writing Systems in India. - A paper which examines the development of scripts in India.
Planet Translation - Bilingual online dictionaries and glossaries with emphasis on English, French and Spanish.
ITRANS - Widely-used software for working with the writing systems of India (Devnagari, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Punjabi, Tamil, and Telugu).
Terminological Information System of the European Union - TIS is a simplified version of the European Union terminological database.
The Numbers in Various Writing Systems - Numbers 1-10, in syllabaries, consonantal scripts, and sign.
Eurodicautom - European Commission Translation Service multilingual term bank. Personal profile for default settings, simple or advanced searching, user guide.
Orthography Examples - Samples of non-Latin writing systems, including Cyrillic, Aramaic, a syllabary, and a phonetic system.
A Handbook for Literary Translators - E-text of the PEN American Center Translation Committee. Available for browser viewing or as a Word 97 download.
What's the Difference between Speech and Writing? - A linguistic comparison of spoken and written language.
Globalization.com - Directory of online interlingual dictionaries and glossaries, arranged by language.
A Study of Chinese Writing Systems - Academic paper which examines Chinese orthography .
Babylon.com - Downloadable dictionary tool, providing translations and definitions for any on-screen word or expression, based upon a growing number of free and premium glossaries.
Blissymbolics Resources - Integrated Pictographic Language System for international communication, currently used by people with language-related disabilities.
Entente - A set of programs for live, two-way, conversational translation between any pair of fourteen languages.
Ancient Mesoamerican Writing - Mesoamerican culture as expressed in Precolumbian writing systems, inscriptions and codices, with links to related sites.
Pars Translator - English to Persian translation software for Windows.
Truetype fonts by Curtis Clark - Downloadable Truetype fonts of ancient alphabets.
Translate Instant Spanish - Phrase by phrase English to Spanish translation software with customizable bidirectional dictionary.
Evolution of Alphabets - Site details the evolution of many of the world's major alphabets.
Translation Software FAQ - Answers to commonly asked questions regarding translation software.
Indian Alphabet Comparison - A comparison of written Hindi, Punjabi, Bengali and Gujarati by Eden Golshani.
GE Trans - Program for translating German texts into English, also useful for translating individual English words into German. Translation database exceeds 225,000 words, with many scientific and technical terms.
The Alphabets of Ancient Italy - Etruscan, Umbrian, Oscan, and Volscian.
PROjectMT - Machine translation system for Windows which provides translations of documents considering syntactic, morphological and semantic links.
Ancient Scripts of the World - Lawrence Lo describes the origins, types and families of writing systems. Sections on phonetics, historical linguistics. Bibliography and links.
Systran - Machine translation of entire sentences.
The Origin of Writing - Post-structural analysis of the non-metrical image writing used by the Aboriginal Peoples of North America during pre-Columbian times, a system based upon material production within a visual context.
Language Translation Software from Translation Experts - Language translation software from Translation Experts available in one of 20+ to/from English combinations and free on-line translation of web pages or any text with InterTran
Amanye Tenceli:The Writing Systems of Aman - Complete descriptions of the Sarati and Tengwar scripts created by J.R.R. Tolkien for his celebrated artificial languages. Also includes fonts and specialized writing programs.
Word Magic Software - English and Spanish translation software and language tools with dictionary, thesaurus, spell checker, verb conjugator and full document text translator.
A Short Presentation and Overview of the Rune alphabet, the Futhark - Contains a good discussion of the changes in the Norse Runic alphabet (the Futhark) over time.
Softissimo - Information on the maker of Reverso, machine translation software supporting English, French, German, Spanish and Russian translation.
Omniglot - Guide to all major alphabets, syllabaries and other writing systems. Also includes information on languages and links to other online language resources.
TransWhiz - Software for performing translations of websites or straight text between Chinese and English.
Creative Ideas: Evolutions in the English Lexicon - The combination of the symbology of the English language with that of mathematics to create new meanings.
Resource Solutions ResMan - Tool for automated translation of Microsoft Resource scripts in German and English versions.
A Philippine Leaf - A description of literacy and writing systems in Pre-Hispanic Philippines.
Ectaco Translation Software - Language Teacher software dictionary for more than twenty languages on most major operating systems and models of personal digital assistants.
Writing in Inuktitut - Includes an interactive Inuit script generator.
STDict 20 Hungarian-English-German Translation - Free dictionary to translate between Hungarian and English, or Hungarian and German for the pocket PC featuring a speech synthesis engine.
Eskaya Script - Describes the Eskaya people of Bohol, and their writing, numerical, and calendar system, as well as links to information about other Philippine scripts.
DICSYL - Products and Services for natural language processing including translation and dictionary software for many languages.
12480 - Information on the 12480 alphanumeric writing system. including font downloads, a FAQ, and many charts and examples.
Traduki - Open source machine translation program, developed with the Python language, covering common languages and eventually many less supported languages.
Linear B - Mohammad Hishmeh gives a very short introduction to the script and its decipherment.
Translation Experts - Company offering products and services including natural language translation software and dictionaries.
Linear B Dictionary - Contains link to twelve page PDF file of Linear B words with classical Greek equivalent, Latin alphabet transliteration and meaning.
WordExpert - Concordance program which facilitates the precise use of technical terms and general vocabulary.
Linear B Tablets and Mycenaean Organization - By interpreting Linear B as early Greek, this short article reveals the complex system of land tenure described in tablets from Knossos and Pylos.
Promt's Online Translator - Multilingual translaton engine: English, Russian, French, German, Spanish and Italian. Translates non-formatted texts, webs pages and e-mail. Specialized dictionaries and Cyrillic font converter.
Prehistoric Writings in Greece - Tracks the development of Linear B from Cretan hieroglyphics via Linear A; some transliteration of symbols derived from Greek words given.
Russian-English Bidirectional Translation - Free online translators (input max 64 Kb), dictionaries, machine translation system. Electronic pocket multi-lingual talking dictionaries (hand-held translator). Language Teacher in English, Spanish, French, Polish, Arabic, German languages.
Prehistoric Documents from Crete - Photographs of inscribed tablets and jars from Knossos, Crete, with commentary on the Linear A and Linear B scripts and their uses.
EWGate Asian Languages Online Translator - Quick translation of sentences from English to Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese and Malay or vice-versa. From the Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore.
AncientScripts - Linear B - Clear .gif images of some basic characters.
T-Mail E-Mail - E-mail and website translator. List of supported languages, personalized e-mail address and login account.
Cretan Writing - Description, history and images of Cretan writing, from pictographic to syllabic.
Free Translation: Translate foreign language text online - Free translation of web sites and text for Spanish, French, and German to English and English to Spanish, French and German, Italian and Portuguese
Craft Goods in Mycenaean Greece - Referenced essay by Andrea Vianello: "What light do Linear B texts shed on the production and consumption of craft goods in Mycenaean Greece?"
Reverso - Online free automatic translation of websites and texts with Reverso from Softissimo, between spanish, french, german and russian.
John Chadwick (1920-98) - Obituary reproduced from The Guardian of the classical scholar who, together with Michael Ventris, deciphered Linear B, the writing used by the Mycenaeans.
Wap Translator - Mobile spanish translator into 4 languages.
The Language of Ancient Egypt - An overview of linguistic features, hieroglyphic writing and texts of Ancient Egypt
Ectaco Inc Free Dictionary Translators - Ectaco Inc provides free online electronic dictionaries forms (from English into more than 20 languages and back).
Hieroglyphs! - A guide and web directory to Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Arabic English Online Language Translator - Translate back and forth from Arabic to English with free online language translator. Islamic cultural emphasis.
Beinlich Egyptian-German Word List - A searchable list of ancient Egyptian words with German translations. Based on Horst Beinlich and Friedhelm Hoffmann's article in Göttinger Miszellen 140 (1994).
AutomaticTrans. Automatic translation services. - Using our ATS services and our team of linguists, we offer translation services on demand, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Registration required.
Hierolgyphs.net - Tools for learning, teaching and using hieroglyphs. Includes two-way dictionaries, interactive grammar lessons, and an online translator which accepts transliterations or English words.
Translate-Free.com - List of online translation engines.
The Pronunciation of Ancient Egyptian - Detailed introduction and survey, including some helpful .wav files.
Automatic and Human Translation - LogoMedia.net offers a range of services, from web page translation to document translation. Translation can be done using machine translation, or through human translators.
Middle Egyptian - Introduction to middle Egyptian and its hieroglyphs, with resources such as software and discussion forums.
Universal Language Translator - Website and text translation, list of resources.
MacScribe 2.0: Hieroglyphic Text Processor - Software for typesetting Egyptian hieroglyphs on the Macintosh.
AltaVista Translation Service - Translates text and web pages from one language to another, including English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Russian.
Hieroglyphic Directory - Includes lists of common glyphs and a brief introduction.
Translator Online - Links to general and specialized free translation websites.
Egyptionary - A graphic Hieroglyph-English dictionary. Based on Gardiner, Faulkner, etc.
Mendez iTranslator Online - Request and retrieve human and machine translation on the web. English, French, and German commercial translation services.
Jim Loy's Egyptian Hieroglyphics and Egyptology Page - Online grammar, dictionary, and fonts for ancient Egyptian.
TranslateNow! - On-line Machine Translation from a single page - TranslateNow! Access 13 on-line machine translation systems from a single screen. Have various online machine translation systems translate your texts simultaneously, compare the results and select the one that best suits your needs.
Jol's Hieroglyphs - Introduction into the translation of Egyptian hieroglyphs. Short, comprehensive quizzes included so progress can be verified. (Answers are included.)
InterTran - Text translation tool with a very large selection of languages - English to Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese, German, Dutch, Latin American Spanish, Spanish, European Spanish, French, Japanese (Shift-JIS), Danish, Icelandic, Finnish, Italian, Norwegian, Swedish, Russian, Croatian, Hungarian, Polish, Czech, Serbian, Slovenian, Greek, Welsh, UK to US, and vice versa; numerous other translations between a selection of these languages; and English Thesaurus.
Heiroglyphics - The symbols and imagery used in ancient Egypt. Covering aspects of the alphabet, gods and goddesses, commonly found expressions and numeric system.
Stochastic Language Identifier - This program will attempt to identify automatically the language of a sentence, phrase, or word of your choosing.
Egyptian Hieroglyphics - An introduction to Egyptian hieroglyphic writing and numbering. Interactive examples allow users to create hieroglyphic numbers and fractions.
Systran Translation Software - Free online web page and text translation. (The engine behind Alta Vista's translations). - English to French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.
HieroSite - Lessons in hieroglyphics and links to other pages with software.
Voycabulary - Online dictionary and thesaurus web linking lookup reference tool. (Turns each word on a web page into a link to the translation in the respective dictionary). Includes dictionary, thesaurus, medical dictionary, acronym dictionary, English to Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish and Welsh and vice versa.
Centre for Computer-aided Egyptological Research - Developers of computer software relating to Egyptology, especially Glyph for Windows and MacScribe for Macintosh, for typsetting hieroglyphs. Also provide Egyptian word and hieroglyph databases, dictionaries and indexes.
FinnishTrans - Bidirectional word translator between English and Finnish, Spanish, French, Old English, or German.
Lingua Aegyptia - Journal of Egyptian Language Studies - Publishes articles and book reviews on Egyptian and Coptic language and literature: grammar, language history, comparative linguistics, literature.
Skycode Machine Translation - Translation from English to Bulgarian of strings less than 500 characters.
Rosetta Stone - Photograph and description from the British Museum of the slab found in 1799 in Rosetta, with a text written in hieroglyphs, Demotic and Greek, enabling the crucial breakthrough in deciphering Egyptian writing.
Arcnet Translation - Online multidirectional translation between Chinese, Japanese and English of web pages or text.
Rosetta Stone - Photograph and description from Virtis of the famous text in three languages that provided the crucial breakthrough in the decoding of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Translorial Online - Scholarly articles, interviews, and local membership information for the Northern California Translators Association.
Ancient Egyptian Language Discussion List - Online resources for the learning of ancient Egyptian, including hieroglyphic transcriptions/translations, discussion list and online tutorials.
The Translator : Studies in Intercultural Communication - Twice yearly publication from St. Jerome Publishing, Manchester UK. Submission guidelines and archived abstracts.
Historical Linguistics Methodology - Academic papers available in Postscript, PDF, and Word97 formats.
Translation Journal - Quarterly electronic publication from Poughkeepsie, New York. Full text current issue and archives.
What Has a Hippo in Common With a Feather? - Historical linguistics and etymology.
Two Lines - Original translations of world literature into English. Includes source text and translator commentary. Submission and subscription information, roster of contributors, news and links. Based in San Francisco, California.
The Computational Historical Linguistics Project - A joint research project of the Computer and Information Science Department and the Linguistics Department at the University of Pennsylvania.
Palimpsestes - Exploration of theoretical and practical problems of translating between French and English. From the Sorbonne Nouvelle Press. Ordering and submission information, archive.
Corpora and Historical Linguistics - "Historical linguistics can be seen as a species of corpus linguistics, since the texts of a historical period or a "dead" language form a closed corpus of data which can only be extended by the (re-)discovery of previously unknown manuscripts or books."
Translation e-zines - Online journals about machine translation and literary translation, among other topics.
Historical Linguistics - HyperCard stacks (for Macintosh) on historical linguistics, Indo-European roots, comparative reconstruction, and Grimm's law.
Translation and Literature - Published twice yearly by the Edinburgh University Press. Academic articles treat translation as a literary phenomenon. Table of contents, editorial board roster, submission and subscription information.
Genetic Distance and Language Affinities - Between Autochthonous Human Populations.
Projet Érudit - Meta - Issues from 39(1)on.
Sergei Starostin's Etymological Databases - Currently comprise North Caucasian, Sino-Tibetan, Yenisseian, Altaic, Chukchee-Kamchatkan, Dravidian, and (partly) Semitic (proto-) languages. With reconstructed protoforms (including intermediary) and the attested forms in daughter tongues for each etymon. Downloadable, searchable. Need special fonts, also available onsite.
Norwich Papers: Studies in Literary Translation - Journal on literary translation.
Kjell Gustafson's homepage - Historical Linguistics - An overview of the field of historical linguistics and its sub-disciplines.
University of Texas at Dallas Center for Translation Studies - Literary translation program. Introductory research philsophy, faculty profiles, publishing credits.
LSA Fields of Linguistics - Language Variation and Change - by Sarah G. Thomason of the University of Pittsburgh.
Kent State University Bachelor of Science in Translation - Degree requirements, language concentrations offered, contatct information.
The Power of Greek Words - The influence of Greek on other European languages.
Kent State University Master of Arts in Translation - Degree requirements, language concentrations offered, four-semester course outline, contact information.
Lehmann's Reader: A Reader in Nineteenth Century Historical Indo-European Linguistics - Anthology of important works of nineteenth-century historical Indo-European linguistics, edited and translated by W. P. Lehmann, 1967.
Department of Linguistics ::: SOAS - Information on BA and PhD courses at the School of Oriental and African Studies.
Grimm's Law - A demonstration of the law.
Bartlett's Unfamiliar Model Language - Summaries of lesser known modular languages written by Paul Bartlett. Afrihili, Eurolengo, Frater, Oz and Tutonish.
The Great Vowel Shift Web Site - An interactive introduction to the Great Vowel Shift, a major sound change in the English language. Includes sound and animation.
Earth Minimal Language - Complete 220 word second compact language.
Take Our Word for It - Weekly etymology magazine.
Constructed Languages - Links to many conlang sites as well as the author's own conlang.
Wilton's Word & Phrase Origins - Etymological site offers a brief history of the English language, discussion boards and a search feature.
Phonetic Picture-Writing - Phonetic picture-writing can also be read phonetically. Its ideograms are composed of special letters. Authored by Leonhard Heinzmann.
The Indo-European Language Family - Extensive collection of resources in historical Indo-European linguistics.
Auxilingua - Offers information on International Auxiliary Languages and Constructed Languages. Articles, language resources, discussions and links.
The Boy Who Followed the Moon - A fairy tale designed to demonstrate Grimm's law.
Scattered Tongues - The Constructed Languages webring, to connect wired linguaholics worldwide.
Schousboe: Teaching Historical Linguistics - For educators- a course curriculum designed for a one-semester course.
The Hector Hodler Library - The Library houses the three collections in the world specializing in literature in and about the international planned language Esperanto and about the wider field of interlinguistics.
Ancient Scripts - Historical Linguistics - Introduction to historical linguistics with language family charts and extensive links list.
Teresh's Constructed Languages - Star Trek languages Klingon, Borg and Elvish, and the role-playing language Tsolyani, as well as the authors own language creations for the imaginary worlds of Amaterasu and Zyem.
Relations between Indoeuropean and Afroasiatic Languages - Traces of possible relations between Indoeuropean and Afroasiatic languages.
Universal Language Dictionary Project - An attempt to create a list of concepts, described in English, along with words to express those concepts in several natural and artificial languages.
Linguistics 450 - Language Reports - A collection of student papers from a historical linguistics class. Covers the histories of individual languages and that of language families.
Model Language Links - Brief notes and links on ModLangs.
Indo-European and the Comparative Method - Everything you ever wanted to know about Proto-Indo-European (and the comparative method), but were afraid to ask.
A Constructed Languages Library - Lists for conlangs and IALs, plus creators of the languages for searching purposes.
Tracking Linguistic Drift: The Comparative Method - Lecture notes.
Richard Kennaway's Constructed Languages List - Notes and resource on both international auxiliary and constructed languages, a large collection of links.
The Proto-Sumerian Language Invention Process - Eleven-page paper describing how the early Sumerians invented their language, with a complete lexicon of the first words in their language.
Constructed Human Languages - Categorized links to information about constructed languages.
Chronology: History of English - "Chronology of Events in the History of English" summarizing the emergence and evolution of the language spanning 5 millenia.
Conlang Yellow Pages by J. Shinavi - List of conlangs in alphabetical order with indication of the basis for the language.
Place Names and Intersocietal Interaction - The relation of place names to inter-tribal relations.
Artificial Language Lab - Language links and reference data.
Seshat the Scribe's Extinct Languages Library - Description of the writing systems of several extinct languages, including Egyptian hieroglyphics, cuneiform, Linear B, runes and other undeciphered scripts.
Language Guides - Huge resource material for natural as well as constructed languages.
Cameron Laird's Personal Index to Anthropologic Resources on the Net - Two software applications to aid glottochronological & lexostatistical analysis.
Planlingvoj - Links to planned languages compiled by the Esperantist Donald J. Harlow.
Encyclopedia.com - Grimm's law - The principle of relationships in Indo-European languages, first formulated by Jakob Grimm in 1822.
Scattered Tongues - Collection of links to artificial languages and information on them.
History of the English Language - A considerable collection of online materials related to the history of English: texts, publications, fonts and course syllabuses. Includes Pre-History, Old English, Middle English, early Modern English and the spread of English beyond the British Isles.
Linguist List: Language games - Mailing list posting author Trey Jones presents a summary of secret and play languages from many cultures, including Cazarny Talk, the Russian Fufa Language, Arabic language play and Bengali Pig Latins. Extensive bibliography.
Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesianae - Philological Thracology. A Traco-Dacian Thesaurus, a few articles and links.
Linguist List: Double-Dutch and Youthese / Pig Latin - Mailing list posting talks about early occurrences of Pig Latin and other phonologically manipulated youth languages.
Introduction to Historical Linguistics - A brief summary of the subject of comparative linguistics.
University of Pennsylvania: Linguistic Form in Ritual and Play - Part of the schedule of lectures and assignments of Linguistics 001. Covers language games, song and verse. Includes a section on Ubbi Dubbi and children's language games in a number of countries.
Indin - Independent investigations into the history of the Indo-European languages and peoples (by Valentyn Stetsyuk). Includes Turkic and Finno-Ugric material.
Linguist List: Pig Latin - Mailing list posting mentions several play languages from different cultures, including Ubby Dubby and one used by natives of central Australia.
NOVA Online-Transcripts-In Search of the First Language - There are surprising similarities among the languages of the world. Could it be that at one time long ago, we all spoke the same language?
Interactive Programming In Java: A Community of Interacting Entities - Word game examples of Java programming. Includes Pig Latin and Ubby Dubby.
Proto-Language - An investigation of the earliest language of man. Comparative studies of the Proto-Language and various language families and languages currently considered to be isolated.
Vietnamese vs English: Noi Lai Play Language - Mailing list thread touches on the noi lai jargon and its significance in Vietnamese society.
Linguists Debating Deepest Roots of Language - The debate on Nostratic- the "Mother Tongue." The New York Times, June 27, 1995.
CONLANG Mailing List: Play Languages - The postings in this mailing list archive cover code and play languages such as whistled languages, Carny (Carneval) Talk, Op, and Turkey Talk. [300 Kb]
Pre-Nostratic Pronouns - by Patrick C. Ryan, Mother Tongue 11, September 1990.
Words and Stuff: Ubbi Dubbi, You're the One - Short article by Jed Hartman about the play language and its popularization by the ZOOM television show. Also mentions the related Double Dutch and Doublespeak.
Was Nostratic A Real Language? - On the family tree of languages, no one is quite sure whether Nostratic is a real branch or a just a shadow that has fooled some linguistic researchers.
Ubi Lubove Yubou - Text, lyrics and MP3 download of "I Love You". Brief explanation of the play language.
Lingua ex Machina: Reconciling Darwin and Chomsky with the human brain - William Calvin and Derek Bickerton offer three ways for getting from ape behaviors to syntax. They focus on the transition from simple word association in short sentences (protolanguage) to longer recursively structured sentences (requiring syntax).
ZOOM: Ubbi Dubbi Translator - The secret language of this children's television program revealed. Type in text and have it translated from or into Ubbi Dubbi.
MacroEusian - A theory regarding relationships of the language groups.
Itizenscay orfay Esponsibleray Rowthgay - Brandon, Manitoba, Canada's Wheat City News: Citizens for responsible growth.
The Extended Mind: Understanding Language and Thought in Terms of Complexity and Chaos Theory - Robert K. Logan, Professor of Physics, argues that the origins of speech and the human mind emerged simultaneously as the bifurcation from percepts to concepts.
Ysticalmay Okingsmay Eadhay ofyay 'Obbay' - Online oracle. Ask the Mystical Smoking Head of Bob a question and he will answer in Pig Latin, as well as a number of other languages.
Evolution of Communication - An international multidisciplinary academic journal. Contents and abstracts from first three issues.
Pig Latin Home Page - Poetry, calculus, resume suggestions and a translator. Pig Latin and English versions.
Language Origins Society - Its aim is to promote the study of the origins and evolution of language, including the phylogeny of the cerebral correlates, the adaptation of the vocal tract, and the development of linguistic features.
OrgkLay! Interactiveyay Inerday: Eadyray orfay Unchlay - Online humor and satire magazine site KLorg presents a translated version of its main page.
The Role of the Hand in the Evolution of Language - A gestural theory of the origin of language.
The Crazy Old Wizard's Domain: igPay atinLay - Club Obi Wan discussion in Pig Latin.
TheTower of Babel - A project that aims at tracing the origin of the world's current 6,000 languages to a dozen or so protolanguages spoken around the 12th - 9th millennia before Common Era.
Icenselay Agreementyay (Igpay Atinlay Ersionvay) - Pixel Monkey CDs legal agreement in Pig Latin.
SAFi etymology. Indo-European, Nostratic or Eurasian ? - SAFi is a lexeme of several groups of languages such as Indo-European, Semito-chamitic, ouralo-altaic and niger-kordofanian. Its distribution consolidates historical linguistic theories of Nostratic or Eurasian roots previous to the Indo-European one (-7000 years).
Slashdot: Uses of Pig Latin to Defeat RIAA - Thread discusses AIMster's offering of a Pig Latin encoder to circumvent RIAA regulations.
The Indo-European Database - The site contains various resources for Indo-European (IE) Linguistics: description of IE languages and dialects, etymology, Proto-Indo-European grammar, essays and research reports, discussion forum and related links.
Omehay Agepay ofyay Orrazay - Pig Latin version of the Hot Dog link page.
Indus Script Decipherment - A possible interpretation of the Indus Valley scripts as an early form of Sanskrit, with author's curriculum vitae, Indus dictionary and grammar, and merchandise.
In the Beginning .. - Gabe Lopez presents part of the Book of Genesis in Pig Latin.
Promoting Community Languages - From the Welsh Language Board. Ideas and suggestions to agencies, groups or individuals who wish to promote the use of minority languages in their communities.
Applelinks.com: More And Less Pig Latin On The Web - Covers the recent Napcameback.com circumvention of MP3 file-sharing limitations by way of a Pig Latin-inspired encryption. Also gives an overview of this simple code language and translation sites.
Language Policy Web Site - An exchange of news and views on English Only legislation, bilingual education, endangered languages and related issues of U.S. language policy.
Southeast Asian Pig-Latins - Ben Zimmer has compiled bibliographic references on Pig Latin-type play languages in Indonesia and other countries in southeast Asia.
LSA Fields of Linguistics - Sociolinguistics - A brief introduction to the field by Walt Wolfram of North Carolina State University.
I Luvsh Peaches - Pig Latin version of a personal page.
Social Factors - When two people speak with one another, there is always more going on than just conveying a message. The language used by the participants is always influenced by a number of social factors which define the relationship between the participants.
Applelinks.com: Pig Latin Encoding May Defeat Napster Filters - Reports on a simple way to circumvent Napster filters intended to block copyrighted songs from being downloaded for free.
Language Futures Europe - Links to sites about multilingualism, language policy and the dominance of English in Europe.
CNN.com: Canada Firm Uses Pig Latin to Fool Napster Block - PulseNewMedia, a Canadian company, has introduced software intended to help millions of frustrated Napster users to continue downloading free music.
Sociolinguistics - Concept of 'Language' - Need language be seen as a continuum of different accents, or as a fixed structure of rules? Undergraduate essay.
Peter Vallone Speaks Pig Latin - His Democratic nomination acceptance speech.
Attitudes Toward Nonstandard Language in the Classroom - Compares attitudes of German-speaking and English-speaking students and teacher toward dialects of their language. Includes slide show and bibliography.
Anthro-l: Pig Latin - Posting asks about the origins of the jargon and speculates that it goes back at least to mid-18th century England.
Sociolinguistics Laboratory - University of Ottawa - Site details people, materials as well as past and ongoing research studies into results of language contact.
Amousfay Eftlay-Andershay - M.K. Holder's list of famous left handers, in Pig Latin.
American Russian: An Endangered Language? - Article by Maria Polinsky discussing a case of language attrition.
Google: Igpay Atinlay - The search engine, directory, and groups interface in pig latin.
Sociolinguistics Quizzes - Questions to assess your comprehension of the various principles of sociolinguistics. Includes a reading list.
Ible-bay - The Bible in Pig Latin - The first complete translation of the Bible into Pig Latin.
American Dialect Society - Scholarly association dedicated to the study of the English language in North America.
Silicon Valley/San Jose Business Journal: Aimster's Pig Latin Decoder is Gonester - A recent strategy for getting around recent rulings against Napster's song-swapping service, called the Pig Decoder, has been removed.
Atlas of North American English - A survey of linguistic changes in progress in North American English.
The Nando Times: Pig Latin Software Removed at Napster's Request - File-sharing firm Aimster removed from its Web site a program based on Pig Latin that let Napster users circumvent a court order barring song downloads.
North Carolina Language and Life Project - An organization performing research and leading educational programs in representative speech communities.
ZDNet News: Napster Cracks Down on Pig Latin - File-sharing firm Aimster has removed a Pig Latin-based program from its website that enabled Napster users to get around court-ordered restrictions on the popular song-swap service.
My language - Mailing list about "unofficial" languages and varieties from Europe.
Classic Cryptography: Pig-Latin - Part of a presentation of basic concepts in data encryption. Explains the rules of this simple form of code language.
Language Varieties - Varieties of language that differ from the standard variety normally used in the media and taught in the schools.
Yahoo Groups: igpayatinlay - Online group dedicated to Pig Latin.
Center for Applied Linguistics - Improving communication through better understanding of language and culture.
The Dialectizer - Browse the web or read text in any of several comic English dialects, including Pig Latin.
International Dialects of English Archive - A repository of primary source recordings for actors and other artists in the performing arts.
Game Cafe: Club Girl Tech's Pig Latin Translator - Enter text and translate it to Pig Latin.
Dialect Survey Maps - Online pronunciation test and maps of answers.
English to Pig Latin Translator - Ensures proper capitalization, differentiates between "Y" as vowel and "Y" as consonant, and other refinements.
Language Attitudes Toward Written Taiwanese - A survey on current issues regarding the Taiwanese writing system.
Pig Latin Text-to-Speech Translation - Enter text to hear synthesized Pig Latin renditions. From an otherwise serious Bell Labs project.
Language and Nationalism in Asia - Research on language and orthographic reform in Han cultural sphere, including Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and China.
OMPCAY 225, Ogrammingpray Assignmentway 3 - Loyola University Computer Programming assignment.
Morphosyntax - An archive of recent works in morphosyntax from Stanford University, in PS format.
Pig-hEaDIT - Pig Latin translator for Windows; download or order on CD-ROM / diskette.
Distributed Morphology - A complete overview of the theory of the architecture of grammar.
MIT: Pig Latin Project - Programming project to build a Pig Latin translator applet. Brief description of Pig Latin and Ubby Dubby, a related variant.
Morphological Paradoxes - A review of some of the key questions in modern morphology.
Pig Latin Source Code - Code for Java applet presented by Amy Chavez.
Automorphology - A freeware Windows program that produces an automatic morphological analysis of any language's corpus.
Translator by John B. Chambers - Translates text input to Pig Latin, Swedish Chef, Jive or ValSpeak dialects. Source code available for download.
Categorial Grammar - Dedicated to the dissemination of information regarding categorial grammar (CG), a theory of the form and meaning of human languages.
Jellspace Pig Latin Translator - In C++, available for download; currently runs in DOS. Source code also available.
Interarbora Tree Delivery Service - A Java program that dynamically renders from sentence input a syntactical tree, in accordance with Chomsky's Universal Grammar.
Joe Strout's Python Tidbits - Includes piglatin and depiglatin scripts that attempt forward and reverse translation from English to Pig Latin. Built for the Python programming language.
Linguistic Methodology - Discusses a fundamental methodological error in most branches of linguistic science, using the outdated Government and Binding theory of the Chomskian tradition as an example.
A Glimpse at Perl: Pig Latin Translator - Sample code for a translator.
A Step-by-Step Introduction to the Government and Binding Theory of Syntax - A textbook-length explanation of Chomsky's theory, in PDF format.
Anticlockwise - Finnstek and Ràmnân conlangs created by Tristan Alexander McLeay.
A Minimalist Theory of Human Sentence Processing - Argues that the same set of principles that govern language learning also contribute to a theory of sentence processing.
Language of Ferochromon - Unnamed language of the Ebisedi with information on the fictional setting, grammar and lexicon by H. S. Teoh.
You Have to Pay Your Syntax - An overview of the subconscious yet active process of grammar at work in the human mind.
Moutopia - Homepage of Karl Jahn, with a languages and linguistics section. Includes Dha-Patu, Maldekan, and Contraterran.
Systemic Functional Linguistics Information - Resources for systemic functional linguists, including bibliographies, conference lists, e-mail addresses, links, software, and courses worldwide.
Constructed Languages - Languages of Andal, Old Hyksos and Skerre from Boudewijn Rempt.
BBSPrints Archive - Syntax - Lists published references concerning syntax.
TRD's Conlangs - Description of the author Tommaso R. Donnarumma's conlangs, Streich, Len-qic, Anawanda, Kluna, Gwalan, Ishtalo, Tymlk and Arden.
But There Are no Such Things as Words! - An overview of the nature of the lexeme and morpheme.
Nirdaen - A fusional conlang with its own script and history, authored by Reinhart Keim.
Lexical Functional Grammar Gateway - Information on various aspects of the grammatical theory.
Mark Rosenfelder's Metaverse - The authors site on the conlang he has created and links to other resources.
Xrefer - Morpheme - Defines the morpheme.
The Gevey Language Resource - Gevey is a language spoken in the continent Ewlah on planet Kallieda, by Rik Roots.
Inflectional Morphology - A tutorial explaining several ways to understand the inflectional lexicon.
Thosk - An Indo-European based conlang reconstucted from a 100 or so speakers left speaking variants of the language from Dean Easton.
Causes and Consequences of Word Structure - A dissertation exploring the effects of speech perception strategies upon morphological structure.
Tokana Reference Grammar - Tokana also known as Sul Tokana is a model language, an invention of Matthew Pearson.
Probabilistic Grammars - A presentation on the grammatical theory, including tree diagrams.
Kélen - An attempt by Sylvia Sotomayor to create a non-human language, one that violates language universals.
Metathesis Database - A record of reported cases of metathesis, maintained by the Ohio State University.
The Tymru Language - Scholarly written language of the Aeryn Imperium or Martin M. Conrad II.
Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology - A full outline and explanation of the theory.
Adelic - Artificial descendant of Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Dythonic, High Dythonic and Old Adelic with strong relation to the Germanic languages, created by S.A. Maclagan.
Grammaticality Without Grammar, Iteration Without Forms - Article on Roy Harris's position, elucidated by reference to Kant in his _Critique of Judgment_.
Baronh - Constructed language derived in part from Japanese in Morioka Hiroyuki's book Seikai no Monshou.
Logical Form in Linguistics - Explains the importance of the logical form; specifically, in relation to the syntactically correct form according to Chomsky's theories of Universal Grammar.
Jameld - A fictional Germanic language, with accompanying culture and country, created by James Campbell.
Morphology, The Structure of Words - A complete outlined overview.
The Language Page - A collection of fictional and experimental languages created by Herman Miller.
Arizona Minimalist Syntax Archives - A collection of papers written within the context of Chomsky's Minimalist Program.
Amman Iar - David Bell's personal conlang designed to fit his own linguistic and aesthetical preferences.
Language Universals - An overview of language universals: semantic, phonological, and syntactic, as well as absolute universals.
The Uqoi Language - Alien language created for a race called Zhoo'oonaiï.
Research Centre for Linguistic Typology - Australian National University. Dr. R.M.W. Dixon, director.
Planet Nazaea Series - Fictional world based on Startrek culture with conlangs developed by the author.
Studying Language Typology by Means of Corpora - The use of corpora in the study of Old English.
Praxian Tribal Tongues - Details the languages spoken by the Animal Tribes on the Plains of Prax in the world of Glorantha.
Association for Linguistic Typology - Organization whose purpose is to advance the scientific study of cross-linguistic diversity and the patterns underlying it.
Taneraic - A private language created by Javant Biarujia with its structure and translations.
Comparative Lexicostatistics - A brief history and bibliography of key works.
Teonaht - The language of the Teonim people, created by Sally Caves.
The Formal Approach to Meaning - Short survey of semantics of natural language by Barbara Abbott, at University of Michigan. Focusses upon Montague semantics, and tries to give a feel for the main open problems in the field.
Language Creation - Pablo David Flores, the creator of many fictional conlangs, also links to language resources.
The Four Basic Ontologies of Semantic Interpretation - Article by Roland Hausser comparing approaches to semantics between linguistics, philosophy and computer science, and classifying them into four kinds depending upon whether or not they are realist, and whether or not they make a sense/reference distinction.
Mesogeoika - Consists of Greek grammar and romance, plus Greek and Germanic vocabulary.
Layers in the Determiner Phrase - PhD thesis by Roberto Zamparelli, with extensive supporting material, and a facility to send online feedback. Investigates semantic parallels to syntactic arguments for Szabolcsi and Abney's `DP-hypothesis'.
Vorlin Language - S. Amposta's additions and translations to Vorlin.
Review of `From Discourse to Logic' - Review by Varol Akman of the book by Hans Kamp and Uwe Reyle.
Danovën - History, outside influences, questions and answers, phonology (with audio files), grammar, and translations.
Review of `Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction' - Published review by Jarol Akman of John Lyon's book.
Language of the Dead - Glossary adapted from Stephen King's novels.
Review of `Type Logical Grammar' - Review by Jaroslav Peregrin of Glyn V. Morrill's book.
Modern Gothic - Describes an alternate history where the Gothic language survives in a modified form. Site includes sample texts, a reference grammar and graphics.
Approaching Natural Language Via Mediaeval Logic - Article by Gyula Klima.
Riddley Walker - Discusses the devolved form of English in the novel by Russell Hoban.
A Semantics for Durative Adverbials - Article by Cristopher Piñón.
Tundrian Language - A variety of Romance spoken on an island west of France. Phonology, spelling, grammar, English-Tundrian dictionary, and texts.
SEMANTIK mailing list - Majordomo based mailing list for semantics organised by the Gesellschaft fuer Semantik.
Nickish - Multilingual website with learning materials for Nickish.
Gesellschaft fuer Semantik - English homepage of the young academic organisation concered with the semantics of natural languages. Organises the Sinn und Bedeutung workshop and the SEMANTIK mailing list.
Nimyad - Lexicon, word derivation, history, phonology, corpora, discussion.
Semantics Archive - Scholarly research paper exchange for language semanticists. Browseable by author or date; submission and update forms, users guide.
Toki Pona - Primitivist, pidgin-like language designed to express basic human realities by reducing ideas to their most simple and universal meanings.
Lexicalization or Discourse Use - Paper exploring the number and type of core semantic roles.
Geoff's Artificial Languages - The conlangs of Breathanach and The Liotan languages family created by Geoff Allan Eddy.
Concepts in the Lexicon - Report by John F. Sowa, discussing the role of the lexicon in conceptual knowledge.
Wessisc Language - Inspired by Brithenig, a language created by Damon M. Lord.
Dallas-Fort Worth Center for General Semantics - Provides educational materials and resources for promoting mental health and adjustment through self-aware use of language and symbols.
Kinya - Grammar sketch of Kinya, with notes on the writing system from Maurizio M. Gavioli.
Logical Form in Linguistics - Entry in the MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Sciences, by Robert May.
Interdimensional Travel Agency - Languages constructed from the Thundercats series.
References for Questions Seminar - A list of references on the semantics of questions compiled by Maribel Romero.
Vaior - Grammar, dictionary, primers, word order, formulae for use in writing letters.
The Syntax and Semantics of Questions - Resources for a research seminar series by Paul Hagstrom. Slides for all lectures are available in PDF format.
Senu Yivokuchi - the Language of the Bokuchi - Grammar, phonology, dictionary, and glossary of linguistic terms.
The Hows of Why and the Why's of How - Investigation of an instance of how-why alternation where how is construed as causal rather than manner.
Lesko - The language of a fictional planet inhabited by a race who call themselves lesu or singular, les. By Shawn C. Knight.
Events and Processes in Situation Semantics - Article by M. Georgeff, D. Morley and A. Rao giving a basis for the theory of events and processes in situation semantics.
Romulan Dictionary - English-Romulan and Romulan-English.
Computational Situation Theory - Report by Erkan Tin and Varol Akman investigating computational aspects of situation semantics.
Romulan UTA - Translate Romulan phrases with an extended Romulan vocabulary.
Situations and Computation - Survey article by Erkan Tin and Varol Akman, examining computational frameworks for situation semantics.
Romulan WWW Guide - Fonts and links.
Burghard B. Rieger: Situations, Language Games, and SCIPS - Article by Burghard B. Rieger about the modelling of semiotic cognitive information processing systems.
Romulan Language: History and Background - Introduction, phonology, morphology, syntax, number system, and dictionary.
Analysis of Speech Acts in Situation Semantics - Abstract of a paper by Chung, Myung-chong.
Vulcan Language Institute - Information on three related languages: Traditional Golic Vulcan, Modern Golic Vulcan, and FthinraKathi.
Situation Semantics and Computational Linguistics - Article by Burghard B. Rieger.
Vulcan UTA - Look up a Vulcan word. Translate phrase to Vulcan. Part of UTA project for Klingon, Romulan and Vulcan.
Situations, Topoi, and Dispositions - Article by Burghard B. Rieger, subtitled `On the phenomenological modelling of meaning'.
The Vulcan Language - Phonemic inventory, word classes, intensive reduplication, syntactic relationships of entity-words, action-state words.
Review of `The Semantics/Pragmatics Interface' - By Francisco Yus of Turner's book. Appeared on the LINGUIST list.
Vulcan Academy Linguistics Department - Documents and links pertaining to vulcan-linguistics.
The Semantics-Pragmatics Distinction - Article by Kent Bach.
Vulcan Dictionary - Words and meanings, with phrases and some vocabulary.
Default Semantics, Pragmatics, and Intentions - Article by K.M. Jaszczolt discussing the distinction between semantics and pragmatics.
English-Talossan Dictionary - [PDF: 1.3 Mbytes] An almost complete list of English words with a Talossan counterpart. More than 100 pages long.
On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Information Packaging - Article by Herman Hendriks.
Talossan-English Dictionary - [PDF: 1.1 Mbytes] An almost complete list of Talossan words. Includes a recent page of addenda.
Structural Linguistics and Formal Semantics - Article by Jaroslav Peregrin, discussing to what extent Chomsky's views displace Saussure's.
El treisoûr del glheþ Talossán - Práimhoct - [PDF: 245 kbytes] The 1997 foreword to the Talossan-English/English-Talossan Dictionary.
Dynamic Semantics with Choice Functions - Essay by Jaroslav Peregrin formalising an approach to dynamic logic which introduces choice functions such as exist in ZFC set theory.
¿Qët isch el Glheþ Talossán? - [PDF: 152 kbytes] Ben Madison's attempt at a comprehensive description of the Talossan language from different angles.
Topic Focus and the Logic of Language - Essay by Jaroslav Peregrin arguing for the importance of topic focus in the dynamic semantics of Groenendijk and Stokhof.
La Scúrzniâ Gramáticâ - [PDF: 307 kbytes] The second edition of Ben Madison's grammar, with a pronunciation guide.
Propositional Dynamic Logic - Postscript format survey article by Marc Pauly written from a computer science perspective.
Talossan Language Home Page - A historical overview of the language.
The Linguistics Wars - Review by John Lawler of Randy Harris' book. The book is a history of the war between the generative semanticists and the interpretative semanticists.
Klingon Language Institute - Nonprofit organization whose site includes basic information, shopping for related materials, and a mailing list.
Constraints and The Linguistic Wars - Discussion piece posted by Pauline Jacobson to the Liguist list, concerning whether the project of generative semantics constrained generative transformations.
mu' HaqwI' - A two-way translator and morphological analyzer, available online or as a download.
A Talk with George Lakoff - Interview by John Brockman at The Edge. Lakoff is one of the founders of generative semantics.
Klingonska Akademien - Includes documentation of all canon, careful analyses, links, and reference materials.
Semantic Syntax - Selected extracts of a book by Pieter Seuren on the transformation of theories of semantics into theories of syntax. Relevant to computational linguistics and the debate on Generative Semantics.
North Star Klingon Outpost - Includes software, a phrasebook, an online game, and links.
Lexical Semantics Bibliography - Compiled by Heidi Harley from reponses to a request posted on the LINGUIST list.
Klingon Links - Links to other sites and personal contributions to poetry and literature.
Contextually-Dependent Lexical Semantics - Online text of the PhD thesis of Cornelia Maria Verspoor, Edinburgh University, 1997.
On the Edge of the Galaxy - Glen Proechel's newsletter.
Lexical Semantics of Language Design for Machine Translation - Online monograph by Rick Morneau.
Nick Nicholas' Klingon Page - A full recording of the projects of a noted expert. It includes translations of Shakespeare, the Bible, and a number of other items. Available in English and Klingon.
Lexical Semantics and Linking and the Hierarchical Lexicon - PhD thesis (Stanford) of Tony Davis. Available in Word and postscript.
Rojqoq - MP3 download of the song "Rojqoq," which translates to "So-Called Peace." Includes the written lyrics in Klingon and English.
Semantic Lexicons: the Cornerstone for Lexical Choice in Natural Language Generation - Report on approaches to semantic lexicons by Evelyne Viegas, from the point of view of their relationship to NLG (Natural Language Generation) systems.
tlhIngan Qummem - A directory of interested persons and a collection of relevant materials.
The Psychology of Language Page of Links - Maintained by Roger Kreuz at the University of Memphis. Over 400 links.
The Klingon Language - Includes dictionary and analysis program, translations of English works, links, and other resources.
Bilingualism and Neurolinguistics Database - A collection of references to scientific work on bilingualism and neurolinguistics, provided by the University of Birmingham's School of Education.
tlhIngan Hol gho - An e-group. From WebRing.
SUNY Psycholinguistics Laboratory - Describes the research, personnel, publications and facilities of the Psycholinguistics Laboratory at the University at Buffalo.
d'Armond's Klingon Resources - Resources including a syntax analyzer, a FAQ, links, sound files, and a word of the day.
Brain and Language Laboratory at the University of Georgetown - Lab with a focus on the neural bases of language. Their research suggests that vocabulary and grammar are associated with declarative and procedural memory systems.
Teresh's Klingon Stuff - A resource including texts, grammar addenda, a font, and a free flashcard program.
Models of Spoken Word Recognition - Summarizes existing models of speech perception and spoken word recognition. Provides key architectural features of each model, a glossary of terminology, and references.
Voragh's Notes on Klingon Cursing - A comprehensive dictionary.
Equial, Language Acquisition Research Team - Spanish research team at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, working on the adaptation of the MacArthur CDI's to Spanish.
The Raven - A translation of Edgar Allan Poe's poem.
Speech, Gestures and Motion Events - Research program investigating the relation between children's spatial gestures and language specific semantic distinctions between Turkish, English and Japanese.
Spirit of Kronos - Features a mailing list, chat room, information, and links.
Psycholinguistics Arena - Provides professionals and researchers in the area of Psycholinguistics with information on the range of Book, Journal and Test publications produced by Psychology Press, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group.
Tengwar Textbook - A reference manual for writing with the Tengwar, in a Zip file.
The Fields of Linguistics - The Fields of Linguistics according to the Linguistic Society of America. Of particular relevance for Psycholinguistics are Language and Brain, Slips of the Tongue and Neurolinguistics.
Ardalambion - Essays on the tongues of Arda, Tolkien's youthful invented languages, glossaries, Elvish poems by other authors, linguistic discussions, and links to further resources.
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics - Home page of the research institute in Nijmegen.
Appleyard's Quenya Document - Plain text examination of Quenya grammar.
Language Disorders Arena - Provides professionals and researchers in the area of Language Disorders and Aphasia with information on the range of Book, Journal and Test publications produced by Psychology Press, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group.
Nólë Parma Lambeo Areldava - Lore book of the High Elven tongue. Verses and prose translated into Quenya with notes.
Pléh, Csaba - Researches sentence understanding and language acquisition with specific reference to Hungarian; sociology of language, history and theory of cognitive psychology. University of Szeged, Hungary.
Elvish Linguistic Fellowship - An international organization devoted to the scholarly study of the invented languages of J.R.R. Tolkien.
Psychological Experiments on Language Online - Take part in scientific studies that investigate human linguistic behavior
Minas Formen - Contains Quenya and Sindarin texts and basic dictionaries.
Brain and Language - Interdisciplinary journal that publishes clinical, experimental, and theoretical research in human language or communication in relation to any aspect of the brain or brain function.
TolkLang - Usenet list on Tolkien language, with links to documents and other resources.
Cognitive Linguistics - Scientific journal that presents linguistic research on the interaction between language and cognition. Focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing and conveying information.
Tyalie Tyelellieva - A journal printing works in Elvish, and awarding an Elvish Poetry Prize.
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - Interdisciplinary journal that covers a broad range of approaches to the study of the communicative process, including social and anthropological bases, development, biological foundations, psychopathology and neuropsychology.
Tolkien Language Translator - Translates to and from Quenya, Sindarin, and Teleri. Uses JavaScript.
Language and Cognitive Processes - Publishes theoretical and experimental research into the mental processes and representations involved in language use. Research area's include linguistics, philosophy, cognitive neuropsychology and computational modelling.
Eldalamberon - An irregularly published magazine, Parma Eldalamberon, which focuses on Tolkien's languages.
Language and Speech - Interdisciplinary journal for research that contributes to our understanding of the production, perception, processing, learning, use, and disorders of speech and language.